vets-Canine parvovirus disease

This disease is an acute infectious disease in dogs. Clinically, dogs are mostly characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis or non-suppurative myositis. Sometimes the infection rate can be as high as 100%, and the fatality rate is 10% to 50%. The parvoviruses of dogs, cats and mink have certain antigenic correlation.Sick dogs are the main source of infection of this disease. The feces, urine, vomit and saliva of sick dogs contain the highest levels of toxicity. Sick dogs continuously detoxify outwards and infect other healthy dogs. Long-term poisoning in the feces of rehabilitation dogs. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to completely remove the disease once it becomes ill in the dog group. In addition to dogs, wolves, foxes, and raccoons can also be infected naturally. The disease is mainly infected through direct or indirect contact.Canine parvovirus is highly resistant to external factors. It can survive for 1 hour at 60°C. The virus is still infectious in an acidic environment. Viruses on feces and solid pollutants can survive for months to years. In a low temperature environment, its infectivity can be maintained for a long time. 0.5% formalin, 0.5% peracetic acid, 5% to 6% sodium hypochlorite, etc. can be used as disinfectants of the virus.

【Diagnosis Essentials】

(1) Epidemic characteristics The epidemic of this disease has no obvious seasonality, and it is more common in cold winters. Puppies just after weaning mostly have myocarditis syndrome, and young dogs have enteritis syndrome.

(2) Clinical features The disease mainly appears in two forms in the clinic, namely, enteritis and myocarditis

①Enteritis type The incubation period is 7 to 14 days, usually first vomiting and then diarrhea, stools are yellow or grayish yellow, containing a lot of mucus and pseudomembrane. Two to three days after the illness, the stool was like tomato juice, mixed with bloodshot eyes, and had a special fishy smell. The sick dog quickly showed signs of dehydration. At this time, the sick dog appeared depressed, had no appetite, his body temperature rose above 40°C, and his thirst increased. The body temperature of some sick dogs is lower than normal temperature in the later stage, the mucous membrane can be seen pale, the tail and posterior abdomen are often contaminated with feces, and the anus is loose and open in severe cases.

②Myocarditis typePuppies have difficulty breathing, hyper-palpitations, visible mucosal paleness, physical failure, and often sudden death.Usually, a preliminary diagnosis can be made based on the above-mentioned epidemic characteristics and clinical symptoms. In clinical practice, attention should be paid to observe whether the sick dog has vomiting and diarrhea. If you want to make a further diagnosis, you should take sick dog diarrhea early, use 0.5% porcine red blood cell suspension, follow this example at 4 ℃, observe its agglutination effect on red blood cells. If necessary, the stool samples can also be sent to the inspection unit for electron microscopy for diagnosis.  【Prevention】  

First, immunization should be done at ordinary times. All domestically produced inactivated vaccines for canine parvovirus disease are combined with other vaccines. When using the five-linked attenuated canine vaccine, dogs aged 30 to 90 days should be injected 3 times, and dogs over 90 days old should be injected twice, with an interval of 2 to 4 weeks. One dose (2 ml) is injected each time, and the booster immunization is once every six months thereafter. But the maternal antibodies in the puppies can affect the immune effect of the vaccine. The Canine Penta vaccine developed by the People’s Liberation Army University of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, in which the parvovirus is isolated from the raccoon dog, it has strong resistance to the maternal antibodies in the puppies, and there is no immune interference phenomenon. Therefore, it can be Hot immune program immunity. Second, when a dog group has an outbreak of this disease, they should be isolated in time. For kennels and feeding equipment, use 2%-4% caustic soda, 1% formalin, 0.5% peracetic acid or 5%-6%. Sodium hypochlorite is repeatedly disinfected. Dogs that have no chance of being cured should be culled as soon as possible and burned and buried.

【Treatment】Treatment of sick dogs. Myocarditis-type dogs have a rapid course of disease, which deteriorates rapidly, and they often die before treatment.

If dogs with enteritis type can be treated promptly and reasonably, the mortality rate can be significantly reduced. In the early stage of the disease, the cure rate can be improved by taking measures such as heart strengthening, fluid rehydration, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-shock, and enhanced nursing while applying high immune serum.

(1) Early use of immune serum has high efficacy. Once the disease is diagnosed in the dog group, high immunity serum or rehabilitation dog serum should be applied to other sick dogs immediately. The dosage of hyperimmune serum is 0.5-1 ml% 2F kg body weight, and the recovery dog serum is 0.5-2 ml% 2F kg body weight, and it is used continuously for 3 to 5 days. Such as high immune serum and other antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs at the same time, can improve the efficacy.

(2) Rehydration%E2%80%82 Dogs often die from dehydration, so fluid rehydration is the main measure for the treatment of this disease. The ingredients and the amount of fluid to be added should be determined according to the degree of dehydration of the dog and the general condition of the dog. Generally, the amount of intravenous fluid is 60 ml% 2F kg body weight.

①Intravenous rehydration %E2%80%8225%25 glucose solution 5-40ml, vitamin c2-10ml, energy mixture 5-20ml, one time slow intravenous drip, 1 to 2 times %2F day.

Strictly control the amount and speed of the infusion during the infusion, and pay attention to the function of the heart, otherwise the treatment will fail.

When the sick dog exhibits severe vomiting and diarrhea, it is necessary to correct dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and acid-base balance. You can inject 50 to 500 ml of lactated Ringer's solution, 5 to 40 ml of 25% glucose solution, and 0.3 of anisodamine hydrochloride injection. ~ 1 ml, 2 times a day. 

②Oral rehydration method When the sick dog has no food and has a rapid heart rate, such as no vomiting, or appetite or drinking, oral rehydration salts can be given: 3.5 grams of sodium chloride, 2.5 grams of sodium bicarbonate, and potassium chloride. 1.5 grams, 20 grams of glucose, and 1000 milliliters of water. Allow dogs to drink freely or deep enema.

③Peritoneal rehydration If it is difficult to inject intravenously into the sick dog, intraperitoneal rehydration is feasible, and the dosage is 70ml/kg body weight.

Antibacterial anti-inflammatory

All kinds of broad-spectrum antibiotics can be applied, but do not use it for a long time to prevent the normal intestinal flora from being out of balance and delay the recovery of intestinal digestive function. Kangduling freeze-dried powder and Antitoxin No. 1 injection have good curative effect on this disease. Generally, for dogs under 15 kg, 1 ampoule/day of freeze-dried powder is injected intravenously, and for dogs over 15 kg, 2 ampoule/day. At the same time, use No. 1 injection, 10-30 ml/day. Zhili Pian Ling (Zeng Xiao Xie Li Ning Tablets) is a broad-spectrum anti-bacterial and anti-viral preparation of combination of Chinese and Western medicine, which is made from a variety of traditional Chinese medicines. 

Usage and Dosage: Orally 1-2 tablets per time for dogs with a body weight of 2 to 4 kg, and 2 to 4 tablets for dogs with a weight of 5 to 10 kg, 1-2 times a day. For diarrhea caused by a virus, the dose is doubled. 

 ( 4) Antiemetics Severe vomiting can be injected intramuscularly with Aimer and Metoling (metaclopramide) 0.3-2ml.  (5) Anti-shock  For those with obvious shock symptoms, 5-15 mg of dexamethasone (flumethasone) can be injected intramuscularly, or 0.3-1 ml of anisodamine hydrochloride injection. 

 (6)Strengthen nursing? Pay attention to keeping the sick dog warm. During the period of abdominal cramps, you should stop feeding high-protein and high-fat feeds such as milk, eggs, meat, etc., and give digestible feeds to reduce gastrointestinal burden and improve the cure rate.